The term "Palestinian health officials" primarily refers to the Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH), established in 1994 following the Oslo Accords and the creation of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The MoH is the principal government body responsible for healthcare provision in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, serving about 40% of primary healthcare visits through its facilities, alongside UNRWA, NGOs, and private providers[1][5]. Its mandate includes managing hospitals, primary health clinics, and public health programs, and it plays a critical role in health system reform and development amidst ongoing political and economic challenges. Since its inception, the Palestinian Ministry of Health has overseen significant rebuilding of the health infrastructure, increasing government primary health clinics from 207 to 365 between 1994 and 1998, expanding hospital capacity, and developing national health information systems and insurance schemes[1]. Donor aid has been crucial, with over $350 million committed from 1994 to 1999, supporting infrastructure, human resource development, and health policy formulation[1]. The MoH also coordinates with other key health actors including UNRWA, which serves Palestinian refugees, and various NGOs. Several Palestinian health organizations operate alongside the MoH, such as the Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS) founded in 1979, which provides community-based health services with a focus on social change and youth empowerment, and the Union of Health Work Committees (UHWC or AWDA), linked politically to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and active particularly in Gaza[2][3]. These NGOs often combine healthcare delivery with advocacy, human rights documentation, and community mobilization. The health sector faces severe challenges due to political instability, economic constraints, and Israeli restrictions. The fragmentation of territory and governance complicates service delivery and financing, with the PA suffering fiscal crises that limit MoH expenditures[5]. Israeli military actions have targeted health organizations like the Health Work Committees, which